LIBRARY OF
CONGRESS -- PRESERVATION
DIGITAL REFORMATTING PROGRAM
About
Garden and Forest
Garden and Forest | Making of America | Collaboration
Garden and Forest
Garden and Forest: A Journal of Horticulture, Landscape Art, and Forestry
was the first American journal devoted to horticulture, botany, landscape
design and preservation, national and urban park development, scientific
forestry, and the conservation of forest resources. The journal was
established by Charles Sprague
Sargent
(1841-1927), the founding director of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. Though the journal was published independently, Sargent considered the weekly magazine the organ of the Arboretum.
Agaricus campestris
Garden and
Forest | The full ten-volume
run of Garden and Forest contains approximately 8,400 pages, including over 1,000 illustrations and 2,000 pages of advertisements. Each seven-to-eleven-page issue contains articles that are both literary, as well as scholarly and scientific, and of interest to readers ranging from curious amateurs to practicing professionals. It provides practical information on specific plants as well as horticultural practices, guidance on the design of gardens, the growth of trees, and the care and management of public and private grounds. Each issue usually includes department devoted to: Editorial Articles, New or Little Known Plants, Entomological, Pomology, Foreign Correspondence, Correspondence, Cultural Notes, Plant Notes, The Forest, and Recent Publications or Periodic Literature. Some issues also include listings of Exhibitions and Expositions, and summaries of Retail Flower Market Prices. Many of the articles are illustrated. The art work includes line drawings, halftones, diagrams, plans, botanical illustrations, portraits, and landscapes. Every issue also contains at least four pages of advertisements that provide a valuable snapshot of contemporary commercial products, services, and establishments. Each volume has an annual index and list of illustrations.
Garden and Forest is the first project of the Preservation Digital Reformatting
Program in the Library of
Congress's Preservation Reformatting Division. It is the first Library of Congress digitizing project to employ Making of America models.
Making of America
Making of America (MOA) is a digital library comprising
reproductions of primary source materials in American social history published
in the late-nineteenth century. The original collaborative effort between
the University of Michigan and
Cornell University
to create MOA was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. From the
beginning, MOA goals have included not only creating digital reproductions
of historical source materials, but also developing models for community
practice to enable a large-scale, integrated, and distributed digital
library involving multiple institutions. Subsequent phases of Making
of America have been sponsored by the Digital
Library Federation and have included collaborations among the University
of California at Berkeley, Cornell University, Stanford University,
Pennsylvania State University, University of Michigan, Harvard University,
and the New
York Public Library.
The Library of Congress has participated in Digital Library Federation activities pertaining to technical architecture and metadata. Garden and Forest is the first Library of Congress project to incorporate Making of America models into the digitizing of source materials in order to optimize the potential for interoperability with like digital collections created at other institutions.
Collaboration
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Garden and Forest |
Creating and providing access to the digital reproduction of Garden
and Forest has involved two collaborations. The first, between the
Library of Congress's Preservation Reformatting Division and the
University of Michigan, has been focused on the digital conversion and online delivery of
Garden and Forest. The Digital Library Production Service at the
University of Michigan has contributed the conversion and encoding of the
journal's searchable text. In addition, it has been a partner in mounting
Garden and Forest digital files and providing access through the
same search engine used for the Michigan Making of America materials. Michigan will remain a partner through successive phases of this project that will progress, step by step, to full integration of Garden and Forest with the Making of America digital library. As this project moves forward in 2000, more documentation will be added to this website.
The second Garden and Forest collaboration is between the
Library of Congress's Preservation Reformatting Division and the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. The founding director of the Arnold Arboretum, Charles Sprague Sargent (1841-1927), established the journal and shaped its mission. The Arnold Arboretum was considering digitizing Garden and Forest when it learned the Library of Congress's project was already underway. The two institutions then joined forces to provide enhanced access to the digital reproduction. Toward that end, the Arnold Arboretum is contributing essays that illuminate the historical background of the journal (available with the Phase 1 release, December 1999) and the four major fields it addresses: botany, horticulture, landscape design and preservation, and forestry. In addition, it is developing an electronic finding aid, based on the volume-level indices in each original print volume, that will enable users to search and browse controlled subject terms, as well as author, title, and illustration-caption information.
Several institutions assisted with Interlibrary Loan requests to provide
replacement pages needed to make the ten volumes of Garden and
Forest
complete. The California Academy of
Sciences Library, and Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University made
special and extended contributions to this effort. In addition, the
California Academy of Sciences Library helped to solve the mystery of the
original publication format of Garden and Forest by surveying a
large number of issues in their collection that remain in their original state. More information on this part of the project can be found in Digitizing and Delivery.
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